Démocratie / Egalité / Esclavagisme ? Réflexion des 4e LCE anglais

26 Nov 2025 | Anglais, Disciplines, Informations ponctuelles

Dans le cadre d’un chapitre consacré à la naissance des États-Unis, les élèves de 4e LCE MAYFLOYER de M. Pappalardo ont été invités à mener une réflexion approfondie autour d’une question centrale et complexe :
“How could democratic society claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage?”
(Comment une société démocratique peut-elle prétendre défendre l’égalité tout en maintenant des êtres humains en servitude ?)

Ce travail s’inscrit dans l’étude de la société coloniale américaine et du rôle essentiel, mais tragique, de la force ouvrière que constituaient les esclaves africains déportés. Les élèves ont été amenés à analyser les contradictions fondatrices de cette société en construction : d’un côté, l’affirmation de grands principes de liberté et d’égalité ; de l’autre, la réalité d’un système économique et social reposant sur l’asservissement de millions de personnes.
Pour éclairer cette problématique, la classe s’est également penchée sur les origines de la démocratie, telles qu’elles étaient pensées dans la Grèce antique. Les élèves ont pu observer comment, déjà à cette époque, le concept de démocratie cohabitait avec des formes d’exclusion, notamment l’esclavage, et que la notion de “citoyen” ne concernait qu’une partie de la population.

Ce parallèle historique leur a permis de mieux comprendre :
– comment un système peut se dire démocratique tout en excluant certains groupes,
– en quoi les valeurs proclamées peuvent entrer en contradiction avec les pratiques réelles,
– et comment ces tensions ont marqué durablement l’histoire des États-Unis.
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Ce travail ambitieux a sensibilisé les élèves aux enjeux de l’égalité, de la justice et de la cohérence des valeurs démocratiques. Il leur a offert l’occasion de développer à la fois leur esprit critique, leurs compétences linguistiques et leur compréhension des enjeux historiques majeurs. Leur professeur M. Pappalardo, très admiratif, les félicite vivement.

VOICI QUELQUES TRAVAUX…

How could democratic societies claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage?

Before answering this question I guess it is important to remember what a democracy is supposed to be. A democracy is based on power in the hands of the people, on equal rights to freedom, and on self-governance. So normally, everyone should be treated the same. But in reality, things were very different.

For example, in ancient Athens – which is considered the birthplace of democracy – there were actually more enslaved people than citizens. Enslaved people people were ethnically diverse and did most of the heart manual labour. This allowed free Athenian citizens to have more time to focus on politics, philosophy and the government.

So, democracy existed only for the citizens not for everyone. Because of this many democratic societies did not see enslaved people of their equals. They created excuses saying enslaved people were naturally inferior. That slavery was good for them. This was clearly hypocritical.

The same happened later in the United States of America. Leaders like Thomas Jefferson said « all men are created equal » but this only applied to white land-owning men ; not to enslaved people.

To conclude, I believe democratic societies claim equality but they did not actually apply it to everyone. They protected their power and economic interests by excluding enslaved people from the rights they said they believed in.

Elric

How could democratic societies claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage?

It was certainly unfair that democratic countries had slave-owners while they claimed equality for everyone. But, first of all I guess it’s important to define those terms who are used so much but sometimes the wrong way.

A democracy is a political system which involves equality of rights to all people and acceptance of those people. The principal points of democracies is that every citizen has an equal right to freedom and equality, no matter your origins or your differences and that power is in the hands of the people. This means that every single individual originated from a country has got the right of self-governance which signifies they can choose whatever candidate which shares similar ideals and goals in free elections who are not controlled by any major power or institution.

Those institutions cannot either rig, or bribe people to vote for somebody.

On the other hand, slavery is a term defined by free labour of someone or even an entire ethnicity who are controlled by somebody who they have got to obey and serve, it’s called indentured service. Slavery, which has been mentioned earlier on this year, was a cruel barbaric practice that defies the principles of both freedom and equality.

So, how slavery and equality, such contradictory practices and values were put into place at the same time ? And, how didn’t they see the contradiction between those two ideals ?

For the time, it was a very common thing along civilizations around the world. Why was that ? Well, in the past, they weren ot considered equal to others and even considered property of the wealthy so they did not have any rights, they were “inferior” and sometimes considered savages or animals, they weren’t considered citizens. They also thought slaves were naturally inferior and it benefited them to be enslaved because they were from a different ethnicity. It was a civilizing mission and it benefited the democracy’s economy to have slaves insofar as they could both work in crops and for manual labor.

This leads to the conclusion that slavery was accepted in democratic societies insofar as the whole base of thinking of Europeans was that they were inferiour to other “races” and meaning they couldn’t have any rights given that they weren’t considered humans so by logic neither citizens.

Finally, this raises a question: weren’t women treated similarly to slaves and even sometimes worse and so, why aren’t we talking about this problem in our society more, if slaves is a mainstream topic nowadays?

Enzo

Well, today I am going to explain how a democratic society could claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage.

Before going any further, I think it is important to define what a slave is. Actually, a slave is someone who is forced to work for free, to obey another and is considered to be their property. A slave is dehumanized.
Plus, let me define what a democracy is. Indeed a democracy is a system of gouvernment by the whole population or all the eligibe members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

First, a democratic society could claim to support equality while having slaves because slaves were simply not considered citizens, or even people. Indeed, liberty is only for citizens whereas slaves are almost considered as animals although key to the economy of the country. This is not a new concept. Slavery was not born in the US but dates back.

For example in Ancient Athens, where there were more slaves than citizens, Great Minds claimed liberty for all, though not for humans in bondage, because they were not considered equals. They were just a mere tool. Indeed, Aristotle said: « Enslaved people were naturally inferior and benefitted from being enslaved by their masters. » I guess it is very hypocritical on the part of Aristotle and many other Great Minds because one can wonder why slaves were inferior. I am pretty sure it is because they were different or other sundry convenient reason.

Some 1580 years later, there are again many cases of that problem. Actually, in Italy people were forced to work in agricultural holdings for ridiculous wages. So on paper, they are not slaves, but in reality, they were slaves because their salary was not good enough.

In conclusion, I can say it is decietful to claim liberty and equality for all, while having slaves. Nobody can chose where equality starts and begins. 

Evan

How could a democratic society claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage ?

Eversince the earliest democratic society, Ancient Athens, there were enslaved people so you might think that it’s impossible for them to claim equality. Well, you are going to change your mind.

But before going any further, I am assuming it is importat to define what a democracy is. Indeed, a democracy is a type of society which has values like liberty of expression or opinion, equality in terms of chances, rights or merits and the balance between rights and duties. In fact, democracy is two latin words : « demos » which means « people » and « cratos » which means « power ».

As we know, Aristotle said « Enslaved people were naturally inferior and benefited form being enslaved by their masters ». At the time, everybody agreed with him, which I find totally inhuman !
There is another example of men’s madness in the Declaration of Independance, written by Thomas Jefferson. It said « All men are created equal » but unfotunately, it only applied to white land owning men and not enslaved people, women or poor men. It means that rich men did not really mean or respect what they wrote and are hypocritical liars !

To conclude, democratic societies claim to support equality given that they would not see slaves as their equals and convince everyone they were inferior – and actually lucky to be slaves. It is totally barbaric ! I am pretty sure the right question to ask ourselves is « how can we change that and make a better world for human rights? »

Elorri

How could democratic society claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage?

Well before going any further, I am assuming it is important to define what a democracy and slavery are. Indeed democracy is a system where the people chooses their leaders; and slavery is when a person is deprived of his liberty and forced to work for someone without being payed.

At the beginning of slavery in the US, this servitude did not mean pure torture because enslaved people should “only” work during “some” years for their freedom. After their liberation though, they were not seen as normal people but as dangerous “creatures” because of their ethnicity. Gradually many laws where invented to keep people in slavery indefinitely. With time more and more African people were enslaved to work in plantations, mines, or just be a servants. For example, in plantations, their life conditions were just inhumain as they were diabolicly tortured by their masters.

In my opinion a society cannot simply claim to be a democratic society while torturing many human beings. Excluding them from the definition of what a human being is the definition of hypocrisy. 

Titouan

How could a democratic society claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage?

Before answering this very question, one should wonder what democracy is…

Democracy is like a political system, or a form of government in which sovereignty comes from the people. I think some democratic societies pretend to support equality, while equality between white people and black people is not respected. Indeed in Ancient Greece, the definition of a democracy in History books, they were more enslaved people than citizens. Slaves were forced to do hard manual labor, work as domestics or scribes for the luckiest.

Aristotle thought “enslaved people are inferior and they are benefited from being slaves.” I am starting to believe this is exactly the definition of hypocrisy and deceit.

While president Thomas Jefferson would later say about the US “that all men are equal. Except this idea of equality only applied to the white land-owning men… This is showing how societies still were unequal in the 18th century. 

How about 2025 ?

Wissem

Today I will speak about how a democratic society could claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage.

Well, let’s take the example of the US in the 18th century. The US as a Democratic society could claim that because White people were kings of the world and Black people were kidnapped and purchased to work for them. Their living conditions were horrible as I said in a previous work.

Hundreds of years later nothing has changed much, as Black people are as always persecuted though no longer in bondage. As I said, nothing has really changed. First I’m thinking about ICE. ICE it’s the border police in the US and let me say, they are horrible, barbaric and inhuman. They chase immigrants away by beating them up and president Trump encourages it. So much for equality for all… The president likes to say the United States were born from the sweat of White people but it’s totally false and deceitful. This country was born from the blood of Native Americans. When this continent was « discovered » by C.C, it became a multi-ethnic country. People from all over the world went there, and that is what gave birth to the American society we know today, and everything that followed.

Unfortunately, at that time, democracy was reserved for only one part of the population, and human rights were not recognized for Black people, Natives, and sometimes women. For a long time and even after the abolition in 1835, African Americans suffered from segregation and exclusion for example : buses exclusively for black peoples and so on.

I hope I have answered the question correctly.

Tyler

Democracy is a system that normally defends equality, freedom and the participation of all. However, some societies that said they were democratic, such as Ancient Athens or the United States in the 18th century, maintained slavery. This creates a paradox: how to defend equality while depriving certain human beings of freedom? To understand this, we need to examine how these societies defined democracy and how they justified the exclusion of slaves.

Before we go any further, I suppose it is important to define what a democracy is. Indeed, today, it is believed that a democracy includes everyone. Before answering this very important question, we must ask ourselves what democracy is. Women, foreigners and slaves were excluded. This shows that democracy concerned only a minority.

Hence the question: “What do you think of when you think of democracy?”. In general, we imagine equality, but in History, this equality only applied to some.

An even more striking example is that of the United States. In 1776, they drafted the Declaration of Independence, which stated that “all men are created equal”. Yet slavery still existed, especially in the plantations of the South.

Thomas Jefferson, one of the main authors of this Declaration and future president, owned slaves himself. For him, as for other leaders, equality really only concerned white men. They justified this contradiction by saying that slaves were not real citizens or that the economy needed their labour.

Thus, a democratic society could defend equality while keeping slavery simply by excluding slaves from the “people”. This made it possible to preserve the privileges of those in power.

To conclude, a democratic society can claim to support equality while practising slavery by limiting this equality to a small group. The example of Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence shows that even societies that proclaim freedom can leave out part of their population. This paradox reminds us that democracy must be constantly improved in order to become truly egalitarian.

Anna

Today I will answer the question « How could a democratic society claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage »

So first I believe it is crucial to give out the definition of democracy. It’s a form of government in which sovereignty belongs to the people while everyone is equal normally. I am going to use the case of Ancient Athens as an example. It has always been considered a democratic society whereas more than half of its population are slaves. One of their influential philosophers, Aristotle, said that « enslaved people were natural inferior and benefitted from being enslaved by their masters. » I mean, this proves a massive hypocrisy. Justifying slavery must be so hard he resorted to lies. But at this era, slavery was quite common so their saw only that.

Let me move to the case of America in the 1600’s. Europeans forcibly captured and transported many black people from Africa to use them as slave to work in plantations. This free work force served to enrich the economy of America. They created laws to enable holding humans in bondage. Again, in the declaration of independence, Thomas Jefferson said « all men are created equal » baring black people from the equation, as they were not considered human beings. It’s a bit ironic and decietful.

To put it simply, equality and slavery are incompatible. A democratic society that uses slavery is simply not. 

Arthur

How could democratic socities claim to support equality while holding humans on bondage ?

Well, first, what is the definition of a democracy ?
A democracy is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. But does that reflects Reality ? I do not think so. So now, I’ll give you my own definition of a democracy. Actually, a lot of democratic societies keep claiming to support equality while holding people in bondage ; let’s take the example of China. China is a very wealthy country and rather modern (in terms of cities). But they continue to forcing Muslims to work for free. We call them Ouïgours. But why nobody try to help them?

Indeed, in a village in China (Xiljiang), half a million of Ouïgours were deported (they are still there). HALF A MILLION ! That’s 45% of the population there. The Chinese regime is afraid that Ouïgours claim more autonomy or try to separate from the country. This is also happening because they believe Islam is connected to fundamentalist and it’s a «danger» for themselves. But they are also afraid of terrorism, Ouïgours are indeed accused of that too. Unfortunately, we can’t do anything to change that. We all know China is an important economic weight, a great diplomatic influence too, but also has the 2e best military power.

Almost, nothing and nobody can change that situation. So please, limit your consommation of products from west Asia (Shein, Amazone, AliExpress…). Only Chinese gouvernement can change that modern « slavery ».

Aya

How could a democratic society claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage ?

What is democracy though ?

A democracy is a system of government in which power comes from the people. Citizens have the ability to influence or directly make political decisions, usually through voting.

A democratic society can claim to treat all human beings as equals while actually keeping then in slavery by putting laws in place to give the illusion of equality, but often laws will help it keep human beings in slavery.

The goal is to help citizens be free in their choices as long as they contribute to the country’s economy.

The law says that we are all equal, yet that does no prevent the enslavement of black people.

In short, these societies talked about equality, but they only applied it to some people, which made their democraty unequal and deeply contradictory.

Neela

18th Democratic society had wise ideas but actually didn’t enforce them.

For example 400 years BC, Aristotle claimed « enslaved people were naturaly inferior and benefited from being enslaved by their masters. »

We can think mentality changed with time but during the 18th century, Thomas Jefferson, future president of the newly born USA, meant in the Declaration of independance : « all men are created equal » … except the words only applied to white land-owning men.

I assume it’s honorable to have great ideas but I wonder why they aren’t always applied in reality.

Democracy when is the people has power in their hands and when the people elects their president. In a Democracy, I think freedom is fundamental. So, as slavery and freedom are contradictory, a society ruled by slavery can not claim equality. 

Jules

How could a democratic society claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage ?

Before answering this question, we should ask ourselves what democracy and slavery are. Democracy is a country in which power is held by elected representatives. Next, slavery is the system in which people are treated as property and forced to work without freedom, rights, or pay.

Now let’s answer the question.
First of all, I think a democratic society claimed to support equality while holding humans in bondage, because at that time, slaves were simply not considered human beings. They regarded them as an inferior “race” or as animals, so they were not equal. I am not sure but I guess, when Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence it was meant for white men and not for slaves. Even Aristotle said: “enslaved people were naturally inferior and benefited from being enslaved by their masters”. I do believe this is the exact definition of hypocrisy and bad faith. Slavery societies also claimed that slavery was necessary for the economy (plantations, trade…) or that it has existed for a long time, and was therefore “normal”.

To conclude, I believe democratic societies supported equality for white men but not for slaves because they were considered objects and nothing more.

Adele

In this text, let me tell you about slavery, democracy, and Thomas Jefferson.

Before going any further, I am assuming it is important to define what a democratic society is. A democratic society is a society where values must be respected, such as, equality, freedom, solidarity for instance.

But who is Thomas Jefferson and what is his relationship with democracy ?

Thomas Jefferson is one of te founders of the US and of the Declaration of Independence of 1776. So he said that people are free, and equal. However, Thomas Jefferson had slaves. Thomas Jefferson didn’t apply the rules he claimed.

Today, in 2025, many countries still claim to be democracies but are not democratic as they don’t really give the people any freedom.

The question is : How could democratic society claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage ?

So let me try to answer !

When is a society claims to respect equality, it means all people must be equal and must have the same rights. But if this society enslaves people it does the exact opposite ! It takes away freedom and rights from people because some feel superior. This is the definition of hypocrisy.

Opaline

How could democratic societies claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage ?

Before answering this very question, one should wonder what democracy is. Democracy is a a system of government where everyone is free, equal and where people have the right the vote.

The word’s origins are greek :
DEMOS = PEOPLE
DAIOMAI = DISTRIBUTED
KRATOS : POWER

I think it’s not fair because democracy must promote equality. Slavery is the opposite. I believe today, modern slavery still exists. For example fast fashion brands like SHEIN make people, including children, work people with low salary, no security, for many hours in a row. 

In conclusion, even though a country is a democracy, it doesn’t mean equality is respected.

Agathe

How could democratic societies claim to support equality while holding humans in bondage ?

Democracy is a political system in which people choose their leaders by voting. Citizens can share their opinions, elect representives, and everyone’s rights and freedoms are respected .

Back in the days, a democratic society could claim to support equality while keeping people in slavery because not everyone was consired a full citizen. Only a small group of people had rights, while enslaved people were excluded. Slavery also brought major economic benefits, so leaders wanted to keep this system to protect their wealth and power. To justify this contradiction, they used racist ideas, claiming that enslaved people were inferior and did not deserve the same rights.

In short these societies talked about equality, but they only applied it to some people, which made their democracy unequal and deeply contradictory. Not to mention rather hypocritical. 

Taïli